Basic Anatomy of the Breast

The basic layout of the breast is shown in this simplified diagram depicting the nipple, which is raised, and the areola which is the darker circle. The nipple usually extends a few millimeters from the breast and is surrounded by the areola. Areola, like the nipple, varies in diameter but is usually between 1.5-2.5mm. The dotted like structures on the areola are modified apocrine glands, sweat glands and sebaceous glands [2]. The dark pigmentation seen in the areola is due to the network of capillaries that carry blood very close to the surface. This dark colour first appears more apparent at puberty and also darkens again during pregnancy[2].